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  1. 1835
    Russian-American Company orders Native vaccinations
    To protect Russians from smallpox transmission from Native peoples, the Russian-American Company, which ...
  2. 1842–50s
    Russian-American Company compels medical treatment of Native women
    Russian traders have forced Alaska women into prostitution for decades. When syphilis spreads in New ...
  3. 1848
    Successive epidemics spread across U.S., Alaska, Hawai‘i
    In September, a series of deadly epidemics, including measles, whooping cough, and influenza, sweeps ...
  4. 1867
    Alaska becomes U.S. Territory; Alaska Natives not consulted
    The United States purchases Alaska from Russia on October 18. Alaska Natives, who lay claim to almost ...
  5. 1868
    U.S. treaty count with American Indian tribes reaches 367
    Between 1778 and 1868, the U.S. Senate ratifies 367 treaties with tribes; others are drafted but not ...
  6. 1872
    General Mining Act gives rise to the taking of tribal lands
    President Ulysses S. Grant signs the General Mining Act into law, allowing individuals and corporations ...
  7. 1884
    After Navy abuses, the U.S. establishes a government in Alaska
    After the U.S. Navy, occupying the territory of Alaska, shells, loots, and burns three unarmed Tlingit ...
  8. 1885
    Alaska regions assigned to religious denominations
    Dr. Sheldon Jackson, the head of the Presbyterian Mission in Alaska, is appointed U.S. General Agent ...
  9. 1887
    Indian Affairs Commissioner bans Native languages in schools
    Commissioner of Indian Affairs J. D. C. Atkins first bans instruction in Native languages as well as ...
  10. 1887
    Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death in Indian Country
    A U.S. study of tuberculosis deaths among Indians on reservations in 13 states finds that the rate of ...
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