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  1. 1868
    U.S. treaty count with American Indian tribes reaches 367
    Between 1778 and 1868, the U.S. Senate ratifies 367 treaties with tribes; others are drafted but not ...
  2. 1872
    General Mining Act gives rise to the taking of tribal lands
    President Ulysses S. Grant signs the General Mining Act into law, allowing individuals and corporations ...
  3. 1887
    Indian Affairs Commissioner bans Native languages in schools
    Commissioner of Indian Affairs J. D. C. Atkins first bans instruction in Native languages as well as ...
  4. 1887
    Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death in Indian Country
    A U.S. study of tuberculosis deaths among Indians on reservations in 13 states finds that the rate of ...
  5. 1897
    Indian boarding schools teach manual labor
    Commissioner of Indian Affairs William A. Jones questions the potential of Indian students to compete ...
  6. 1898
    Boarding-school epidemics sicken students and kill many
    The superintendent of the Fort Hall Industrial Boarding School in Idaho, George Gregory, advises in ...
  7. 1898
    Milk served to Indian students to ward off tuberculosis
    The Office of Indian Affairs issues rules for food service at off-reservation boarding schools: “good, ...
  8. 1903
    Overcrowding, poor ventilation contribute to deaths in boarding schools
    Indian boarding schools are built hastily or adapted from existing barracks, and officials bring Native ...
  9. 1909
    Dollars allocated but promised health care remains distant
    Congress appropriates $12,000 for a national health program for Native Americans. The government organizes ...
  10. 1909
    Despite quarantine, TB spreads in student populations
    Faced with continuing high rates of tuberculosis among Native students in boarding schools, the Office ...
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