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  1. 1778
    The first U.S. treaty with an American Indian tribe is ratified
    The Continental Congress, a governing body formed during the American Revolution, made up of delegates ...
  2. 1783
    The Peace of Paris ignores Native peoples’ rights
    The Peace of Paris, the set of treaties (Treaty of Paris and the Treaties of Versailles, 1783) that end ...
  3. 1787
    Congress can regulate trade with Indian tribes
    The Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution, Article 1, Section 8, permits Congress to make all laws ...
  4. 1789
    The Northwest Ordinance guarantees tribal land rights
    Congress ratifies the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, creating the first organized territory of the United ...
  5. 1790s
    Indian nations unite to fight American expansion
    The United Indian Nations of the Old Northwest fight the establishment of military forts and settlements ...
  6. 1794
    Battle of Fallen Timbers opens Northwest Territory to settlement
    President George Washington assigns General “Mad” Anthony Wayne to build several forts between the Ohio ...
  7. 1799
    Haudenosaunee prophet calls for peace
    The Seneca prophet Handsome Lake (b. ca. 1733–d. 1815) has his first religious revelation. He preaches ...
  8. 1802
    Army vaccinates Indians in Ohio to protect soldiers
    U.S. Army physicians vaccinate a small number of Indians in Ohio, the new frontier, against smallpox ...
  9. 1803
    Congress orders medical care for Native peoples
    The federal government formally assigns the responsibility for providing medical care for Native peoples ...
  10. 1805
    Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh call for unity among tribes
    With the Shawnee under siege, fragmented, and dispersed, Lalawithika has a spiritual revelation that ...
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