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  1. 1923
    Pioneering Apsáalooke (Crow) nurse graduates
    Susie Walking Bear Yellow graduates from the Boston City Hospital School of Nursing and returns to the ...
  2. 1934
    Commissioner calls for religious freedom for American Indians
    Commissioner of Indian Affairs, John Collier, issues a circular on American Indian religious freedom, ...
  3. 1934
    South Dakota insane asylum closed and investigated
    The Office of Indian Affairs insane asylum in Canton, South Dakota, is shut down because of terrible ...
  4. 1941
    Hawai‘i under martial law; U.S. military takes sacred lands
    Japan bombs Pearl Harbor at Honolulu, Hawai‘i. The United States declares war on Japan and enters World ...
  5. 1941
    Hopis argue for conscientious objector status
    Hopi elders choose Thomas Banyacya to be their “tongue and ears” and to warn the world of impending doom. ...
  6. 1944
    Alberta Schenck sits in ‘Whites Only’ theater section
    At a time when Alaska businesses routinely post signs reading, “No dogs, no Indians,” Alberta Schenck, ...
  7. 1944
    National Congress of American Indians established
    The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) is founded. A generation educated in off-reservation ...
  8. 1945
    Alaska’s territorial legislature adopts anti-discrimination law
    Elizabeth Peratrovich, president of the Alaska Native Sisterhood, testifies before the Alaska Territorial ...
  9. 1953
    Congress seeks to abolish tribes, relocate American Indians
    Congress passes a resolution beginning a federal policy of termination, through which American Indian ...
  10. 1959
    Washington State challenges tribal treaty fishing rights
    Washington State authorities forcefully evict Puyallup, Nisqually, and other tribal subsistence fishermen ...
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