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Antiquity Origins Today, all tribes tell stories of their origins. There are as many creation stories as there are tribes, ... |
40,000–10,000 BC Homelands Contemporary Native peoples from many nations teach that they originated in their traditional lands. ... |
10,000–8000 BC Early North American lifestyles Ancestors of American Indians hunt large mammals, catch fish, and gather fruits and nuts. Archaeological ... |
8000 BC Glaciers retreat; climate changes; diets shift At the end of the Ice Age, many large mammals become extinct. Across the Americas, people shift away ... |
1846 After the Mexican War, doctors reach western tribes The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the Mexican War (1846–48) between the U.S. and Mexico. The agreement ... |
1851 Congress creates reservations to manage Native peoples The U.S. Congress passes the Indian Appropriations Act, creating the reservation system. The government ... |
1851 Roads and railroads move into the West The federal government pays to survey land for roads and railroads across the West. Easier access encourages ... |
1861–65 Tribes react to the American Civil War Although most Indian tribes remain neutral in the conflict, some American Indians join Union or Confederate ... |
1870 Commercialization, destruction of traditional foods hurt tribes Tribes across the West suffer further land loss as settlers, miners, and ranchers move into their territories. ... |
1870 Education promised to tribes is funded Congress earmarks the first federal funds for the education of Indians. Education, like health care, ... |