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  1. 1832
    U.S. vaccinates Native peoples on the frontier against smallpox
    Congress passes the Indian Vaccination Act and appropriates $12,000 to hire physicians to vaccinate Native ...
  2. 1879
    U.S. assigns health care at boarding schools
    The Office of Indian Affairs, recognizing that epidemics are decimating boarding school student populations, ...
  3. 1887
    Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death in Indian Country
    A U.S. study of tuberculosis deaths among Indians on reservations in 13 states finds that the rate of ...
  4. 1898
    Indian Medical Association forms and dissolves
    Medical doctors form the Indian Medical Association to advocate for American Indian health care in the ...
  5. 1898
    Boarding-school epidemics sicken students and kill many
    The superintendent of the Fort Hall Industrial Boarding School in Idaho, George Gregory, advises in ...
  6. 1898
    Milk served to Indian students to ward off tuberculosis
    The Office of Indian Affairs issues rules for food service at off-reservation boarding schools: “good, ...
  7. 1899
    Nursing care raises smallpox survival among Hopi
    A comparison of historic records of smallpox survival rates among Hopi communities in Arizona in 1898– ...
  8. 1903
    Tuberculosis incidence tracked on reservations
    Around the turn of the century, reservations suffer epidemic rates of tuberculosis. The Native people ...
  9. 1903
    Overcrowding, poor ventilation contribute to deaths in boarding schools
    Indian boarding schools are built hastily or adapted from existing barracks, and officials bring Native ...
  10. 1904
    Government assesses tuberculosis on reservations
    Tuberculosis continues to to be a major problem on reservations. U.S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs ...
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