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  1. AD 1566
    The Calusa battle Spain over conversion
    The Calusa Indians, who live in southwest Florida, are weakened by epidemics. They are attacked by Spain, ...
  2. 1834
    Mexico denies return of mission lands to Chumash
    In California, the Mexican government frees the Chumash, who had been enslaved by the Spanish in California ...
  3. 1860
    California Native population plummets after Gold Rush
    Diseases brought by gold prospectors, along with the violence that miners commit against Native peoples, ...
  4. 1917
    More Indians are born than die
    For the first time in 50 years, more Indians are born than die, as federal appropriations for medical ...