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  1. AD 1493–1550s
    Native peoples begin dying from European diseases
    Diseases unknown to them spread rapidly among Native peoples, who lack immunity to viruses and bacteria ...
  2. AD 1503
    Foreigners come for cod; carry disease to New England
    For generations, teeming schools of codfish support Native peoples along the North Atlantic coast. After ...
  3. AD 1506–18
    Viruses move inland along with French traders
    The Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) and Huron begin exchanging goods with French traders pushing inland from ...
  4. AD 1501
    Portuguese explorer kidnaps northeastern Native peoples
    Portuguese explorer Gaspar Corte-Real abducts two shiploads of Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) and other peoples ...
  5. AD 1520–24
    Mid-Atlantic coast peoples meet foreign explorer
    On the Atlantic coast, Wampanoag, Narragansett, and Lenape (Delaware) peoples encounter Giovanni da Verrazano, ...
  6. AD 1520–62
    ‘Virgin-soil’ epidemics devastate Native populations
    “Virgin-soil” epidemics sweep through populations with no prior exposure to a particular infectious ...
  7. AD 1616
    Yellow fever kills two-thirds of the Wampanoag
    European traders carry yellow fever to the Wampanoag Nation, located on the Atlantic coast between what ...
  8. AD 1616–19
    Smallpox decimates northeastern Native peoples
    Smallpox infects traders along the coast of what is now known as New England, and the illness spreads ...
  9. AD 1620
    English Pilgrims settle on Wampanoag land
    Pilgrims settle at what is now known as Plymouth, Massachusetts, on Cape Cod near the abandoned village ...
  10. AD 1621
    Wampanoag people save Pilgrims
    The Wampanoag people, the “People of the First Light,” are responsible for saving the Pilgrims from starvation ...
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