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  1. 1778
    The first U.S. treaty with an American Indian tribe is ratified
    The Continental Congress, a governing body formed during the American Revolution, made up of delegates ...
  2. 1787
    Congress can regulate trade with Indian tribes
    The Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution, Article 1, Section 8, permits Congress to make all laws ...
  3. 1789
    The Northwest Ordinance guarantees tribal land rights
    Congress ratifies the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, creating the first organized territory of the United ...
  4. 1794
    Battle of Fallen Timbers opens Northwest Territory to settlement
    President George Washington assigns General “Mad” Anthony Wayne to build several forts between the Ohio ...
  5. 1799
    Haudenosaunee prophet calls for peace
    The Seneca prophet Handsome Lake (b. ca. 1733–d. 1815) has his first religious revelation. He preaches ...
  6. 1803
    Congress orders medical care for Native peoples
    The federal government formally assigns the responsibility for providing medical care for Native peoples ...
  7. 1809
    Treaty of Fort Wayne takes 3 million acres from Native peoples
    William Henry Harrison, the governor of the Indiana Territory and superintendent of Indian affairs, ...
  8. 1813
    Tecumseh’s vision of unity dies; U.S. invades northwest tribal lands
    While the British colonel Henry Proctor and his troops, including some American Indians, retreat into ...
  9. 1817
    U.S. frontier advances, pushing Native peoples westward
    All along its western border, the U.S. presses for more land to accommodate the expanding nation. To ...
  10. 1819
    Congress pays missionaries to ‘civilize’ American Indians
    Congress appropriates $10,000 to pay what it calls people of “good moral character” to help the U.S. eliminate ...
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