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1831 Supreme Court rules Indian nations not subject to state law The second of three court cases (the “Marshall Trilogy”) that become the foundation of American Indian ... |
1832 U.S. vaccinates Native peoples on the frontier against smallpox Congress passes the Indian Vaccination Act and appropriates $12,000 to hire physicians to vaccinate Native ... |
1849 Indian Affairs moves to Interior Department; U.S. approach to tribes shifts Signaling a change in approach toward Native peoples, the federal government moves the Office of Indian ... |
1851 Congress creates reservations to manage Native peoples The U.S. Congress passes the Indian Appropriations Act, creating the reservation system. The government ... |
1861–65 Tribes react to the American Civil War Although most Indian tribes remain neutral in the conflict, some American Indians join Union or Confederate ... |
1867 Alaska becomes U.S. Territory; Alaska Natives not consulted The United States purchases Alaska from Russia on October 18. Alaska Natives, who lay claim to almost ... |
1868 President Grant advances “Peace Policy” with tribes President Ulysses S. Grant advances a “Peace Policy” to remove corrupt Indian agents, who supervise reservations, ... |
1870 Education promised to tribes is funded Congress earmarks the first federal funds for the education of Indians. Education, like health care, ... |
1871 The U.S. ceases making treaties with tribes When Congress passes a law ending the federal government’s practice of making treaties with Indian nations, ... |
1872 General Mining Act gives rise to the taking of tribal lands President Ulysses S. Grant signs the General Mining Act into law, allowing individuals and corporations ... |