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  1. 1830
    President Jackson authorizes Native peoples’ removal from Georgia
    President Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act, authorizing the Army to force Cherokee, Chickasaw, ...
  2. 1831
    Supreme Court rules Indian nations not subject to state law
    The second of three court cases (the “Marshall Trilogy”) that become the foundation of American Indian ...
  3. 1831
    The Removal Act affects Choctaw first
    The Removal Act that President Andrew Jackson pressed through Congress becomes a reality as the Choctaw ...
  4. 1832
    Some Seminoles, Creeks evade U.S. forced relocation
    When the U.S., enforcing the Removal Act, coerces many Seminoles to march to Indian Territory (which ...
  5. 1832
    U.S. vaccinates Native peoples on the frontier against smallpox
    Congress passes the Indian Vaccination Act and appropriates $12,000 to hire physicians to vaccinate Native ...
  6. 1832
    Supreme Court rules U.S. must treat tribes as nations
    The third of three court cases (the “Marshall Trilogy”) that become the foundation of American Indian ...
  7. 1834
    Muscogee Creek are forced out of Alabama
    The U.S. Department of War forcibly removes the remaining 20,000 Muscogee Creek from Alabama to Indian ...
  8. 1837
    Chickasaw are removed to Indian Territory
    The U.S. Department of War forcibly removes the Chickasaw from Mississippi, Kentucky, Alabama, and Tennessee, ...
  9. 1838
    Cherokee die on Trail of Tears
    The U.S. Department of War forcibly removes approximately 17,000 Cherokee to Indian Territory (which ...
  10. 1846
    After the Mexican War, doctors reach western tribes
    The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the Mexican War (1846–48) between the U.S. and Mexico. The agreement ...
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