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  1. Antiquity
    Origins
    Today, all tribes tell stories of their origins. There are as many creation stories as there are tribes, ...
  2. 40,000–10,000 BC
    Homelands
    Contemporary Native peoples from many nations teach that they originated in their traditional lands. ...
  3. 1848
    Successive epidemics spread across U.S., Alaska, Hawai‘i
    In September, a series of deadly epidemics, including measles, whooping cough, and influenza, sweeps ...
  4. 1918–19
    ‘Spanish Influenza’ claims millions of lives
    American Indians and Alaska Natives are among the tens of millions who die in the Spanish Influenza ...
  5. 1941–45
    American Indian war effort in World War II is remarkable
    American Indians have the war’s highest rate of voluntary enlistment in the military. Of 350,000 American ...
  6. 1968
    President Johnson signs the Indian Civil Rights Act
    President Lyndon Johnson calls for “termination” to be replaced by Indian “self-determination.” Congress ...
  7. 1970
    Termination era ends; self-determination proposed
    In a Special Message to Congress on Indian Affairs, President Richard Nixon denounces the Eisenhower- ...
  8. 1972
    Indian health advocates established
    With help from the Indian Health Service, Indian nations form the National Indian Health Board. Congress ...
  9. 1972
    Reuben A. Snake Jr. leads American Indian Movement
    Winnebago tribal leader Reuben A. Snake Jr. (named Kee-Kah-Wah-Un-Ga at birth) serves as national chairman ...
  10. 1975
    Indian self-determination becomes the law of the land
    President Richard Nixon’s administration advances a sweeping federal policy of self-determination, repudiating ...
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