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  1. Antiquity
    Origins
    Today, all tribes tell stories of their origins. There are as many creation stories as there are tribes, ...
  2. 40,000–10,000 BC
    Homelands
    Contemporary Native peoples from many nations teach that they originated in their traditional lands. ...
  3. 10,000–8000 BC
    Early North American lifestyles
    Ancestors of American Indians hunt large mammals, catch fish, and gather fruits and nuts. Archaeological ...
  4. 8000 BC
    Glaciers retreat; climate changes; diets shift
    At the end of the Ice Age, many large mammals become extinct. Across the Americas, people shift away ...
  5. AD 700
    Chumash travel the Pacific coastline in plank canoes
    At Santa Barbara Bay, Chumash ancestors make plank tomols, or canoes, from the trunks of fallen redwood ...
  6. 3000 BC
    West Coast settlements rely on shellfish and acorns as staples
    People occupy large settlements most of the year in an area now known as Santa Barbara, California. ...
  7. AD 1493–1550s
    Native peoples begin dying from European diseases
    Diseases unknown to them spread rapidly among Native peoples, who lack immunity to viruses and bacteria ...
  8. AD 1520–62
    ‘Virgin-soil’ epidemics devastate Native populations
    “Virgin-soil” epidemics sweep through populations with no prior exposure to a particular infectious ...
  9. 1761
    First known influenza pandemic from the Americas begins
    Influenza is one of the diseases that Europeans brought to the New World. Unlike previous influenza ...
  10. 1769
    Spanish missions crush traditional cultural ways
    Spain establishes Mission San Diego, the first of 21 missions built along the coast of California. The ...
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