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  1. Antiquity
    Origins
    Today, all tribes tell stories of their origins. There are as many creation stories as there are tribes, ...
  2. 40,000–10,000 BC
    Homelands
    Contemporary Native peoples from many nations teach that they originated in their traditional lands. ...
  3. 1775
    Smallpox strikes again in North America
    As the American Revolution begins, epidemic smallpox spreads across North America, killing hundreds ...
  4. 1835
    Russian-American Company orders Native vaccinations
    To protect Russians from smallpox transmission from Native peoples, the Russian-American Company, which ...
  5. 1842–50s
    Russian-American Company compels medical treatment of Native women
    Russian traders have forced Alaska women into prostitution for decades. When syphilis spreads in New ...
  6. 1848
    Successive epidemics spread across U.S., Alaska, Hawai‘i
    In September, a series of deadly epidemics, including measles, whooping cough, and influenza, sweeps ...
  7. 1867
    Alaska becomes U.S. Territory; Alaska Natives not consulted
    The United States purchases Alaska from Russia on October 18. Alaska Natives, who lay claim to almost ...
  8. 1872
    General Mining Act gives rise to the taking of tribal lands
    President Ulysses S. Grant signs the General Mining Act into law, allowing individuals and corporations ...
  9. 1898
    Canneries deplete salmon catch for Alaska Natives
    Along Alaska’s coastline, 55 canneries are in operation. Most refuse to employ Alaska Natives, instead ...
  10. 1884
    After Navy abuses, the U.S. establishes a government in Alaska
    After the U.S. Navy, occupying the territory of Alaska, shells, loots, and burns three unarmed Tlingit ...
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