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  1. Antiquity
    Origins
    Today, all tribes tell stories of their origins. There are as many creation stories as there are tribes, ...
  2. 40,000–10,000 BC
    Homelands
    Contemporary Native peoples from many nations teach that they originated in their traditional lands. ...
  3. 10,000–8000 BC
    Early North American lifestyles
    Ancestors of American Indians hunt large mammals, catch fish, and gather fruits and nuts. Archaeological ...
  4. 8000 BC
    Glaciers retreat; climate changes; diets shift
    At the end of the Ice Age, many large mammals become extinct. Across the Americas, people shift away ...
  5. 4500 BC
    Mound builders keep gardens along the Mississippi River
    Ancestors of the Muscogee people build circular earthwork mounds—the earliest evidence of human habitation ...
  6. 2600 BC
    Gulf Coast peoples make canoes and pottery for trade
    As the population grows north of what is now called Fort Myers, Florida, people begin living in permanent ...
  7. AD 1492
    Taíno meet Columbus; “New World” gets new diseases
    In the Bahamas, the Taíno are 125,000 strong in 1492 when they encounter the crew and the Italian captain ...
  8. AD 1493–1550s
    Native peoples begin dying from European diseases
    Diseases unknown to them spread rapidly among Native peoples, who lack immunity to viruses and bacteria ...
  9. AD 1493
    Spanish settlers enslave the Taíno of Hispaniola
    Spain founds Santo Domingo, the first of many towns on the Caribbean island Hispaniola (now the location ...
  10. AD 1493
    The Pope asserts rights to colonize, convert, and enslave
    Pope Alexander VI issues a papal bull or decree, “Inter Caetera," in which he authorizes Spain and Portugal ...
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