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  1. 1832
    U.S. vaccinates Native peoples on the frontier against smallpox
    Congress passes the Indian Vaccination Act and appropriates $12,000 to hire physicians to vaccinate Native ...
  2. 1833
    Whooping cough crosses the Great Plains
    Whooping cough spreads across the U.S., killing babies and children, for whom the infection is particularly ...
  3. 1834
    Priest gains Tlingit support by offering vaccinations
    The Russian Orthodox priest, Father Veniaminov, moves from the Aleutians to Sitka. He is at first unpopular ...
  4. 1835
    Russian-American Company orders Native vaccinations
    To protect Russians from smallpox transmission from Native peoples, the Russian-American Company, which ...
  5. 1847
    Wagon trains carry measles; Cayuse blame missionary for withholding care
    Wagon trains bring measles over the Oregon Trail to Waiilatpu, near what is now known as Walla Walla, ...
  6. 1848
    Successive epidemics spread across U.S., Alaska, Hawai‘i
    In September, a series of deadly epidemics, including measles, whooping cough, and influenza, sweeps ...
  7. 1862
    Priests vaccinate thousands on Northwest Coast
    Catholic missionaries from the Oblate of Mary Immaculate give smallpox vaccinations to thousands of ...
  8. 1890
    Native population plunges
    In the U.S., Native population falls to an all-time low. The 1890 census records 237,196 Native people— ...
  9. 1898
    Indian Medical Association forms and dissolves
    Medical doctors form the Indian Medical Association to advocate for American Indian health care in the ...
  10. 1903
    Tuberculosis incidence tracked on reservations
    Around the turn of the century, reservations suffer epidemic rates of tuberculosis. The Native people ...
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