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  1. 1832
    U.S. vaccinates Native peoples on the frontier against smallpox
    Congress passes the Indian Vaccination Act and appropriates $12,000 to hire physicians to vaccinate Native ...
  2. 1833
    Whooping cough crosses the Great Plains
    Whooping cough spreads across the U.S., killing babies and children, for whom the infection is particularly ...
  3. 1848
    Successive epidemics spread across U.S., Alaska, Hawai‘i
    In September, a series of deadly epidemics, including measles, whooping cough, and influenza, sweeps ...
  4. 1890
    Native population plunges
    In the U.S., Native population falls to an all-time low. The 1890 census records 237,196 Native people— ...
  5. 1898
    Indian Medical Association forms and dissolves
    Medical doctors form the Indian Medical Association to advocate for American Indian health care in the ...
  6. 1903
    Tuberculosis incidence tracked on reservations
    Around the turn of the century, reservations suffer epidemic rates of tuberculosis. The Native people ...
  7. 1903
    Overcrowding, poor ventilation contribute to deaths in boarding schools
    Indian boarding schools are built hastily or adapted from existing barracks, and officials bring Native ...
  8. 1904
    Government assesses tuberculosis on reservations
    Tuberculosis continues to to be a major problem on reservations. U.S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs ...
  9. 1908
    Government hires medical workers to fight tuberculosis
    The Office of Indian Affairs hires part-time field matrons, who are trained in home economics, to work ...
  10. 1909
    Despite quarantine, TB spreads in student populations
    Faced with continuing high rates of tuberculosis among Native students in boarding schools, the Office ...
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