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  1. 1775
    Smallpox strikes again in North America
    As the American Revolution begins, epidemic smallpox spreads across North America, killing hundreds ...
  2. 1848
    Successive epidemics spread across U.S., Alaska, Hawai‘i
    In September, a series of deadly epidemics, including measles, whooping cough, and influenza, sweeps ...
  3. 1890
    Native population plunges
    In the U.S., Native population falls to an all-time low. The 1890 census records 237,196 Native people— ...
  4. 1903
    Overcrowding, poor ventilation contribute to deaths in boarding schools
    Indian boarding schools are built hastily or adapted from existing barracks, and officials bring Native ...
  5. 1909
    Despite quarantine, TB spreads in student populations
    Faced with continuing high rates of tuberculosis among Native students in boarding schools, the Office ...
  6. 1912
    Trachoma poses blindness risk in the West
    A U.S. Public Health Service study finds that 22.7 percent of Native Americans, roughly 72,000 people, ...
  7. 1914
    Tuberculosis quarantine advised on reservations
    Office of Indian Affairs physicians urge Indian agents on reservations to quarantine Native persons ...
  8. 1918–19
    ‘Spanish Influenza’ claims millions of lives
    American Indians and Alaska Natives are among the tens of millions who die in the Spanish Influenza ...
  9. 1935
    Tuberculosis vaccine tested on American Indians
    American Indians are invited to enroll in an experimental study to determine the effectiveness of a ...
  10. 1979
    Diabetes at epidemic numbers in American Indian communities
    Nearly 17 percent of American Indians and Alaska Natives have diabetes—the highest age-adjusted prevalence ...
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