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  1. AD 1492
    Taíno meet Columbus; “New World” gets new diseases
    In the Bahamas, the Taíno are 125,000 strong in 1492 when they encounter the crew and the Italian captain ...
  2. AD 1493–1550s
    Native peoples begin dying from European diseases
    Diseases unknown to them spread rapidly among Native peoples, who lack immunity to viruses and bacteria ...
  3. AD 1493
    Spanish settlers enslave the Taíno of Hispaniola
    Spain founds Santo Domingo, the first of many towns on the Caribbean island Hispaniola (now the location ...
  4. AD 1493
    The Pope asserts rights to colonize, convert, and enslave
    Pope Alexander VI issues a papal bull or decree, “Inter Caetera," in which he authorizes Spain and Portugal ...
  5. AD 1493
    Cattle carry influenza to the Taíno
    On a second voyage to the Caribbean island Hispaniola, the fleet of Christopher Columbus carries domestic ...
  6. AD 1501
    Portuguese explorer kidnaps northeastern Native peoples
    Portuguese explorer Gaspar Corte-Real abducts two shiploads of Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) and other peoples ...
  7. AD 1503
    Foreigners come for cod; carry disease to New England
    For generations, teeming schools of codfish support Native peoples along the North Atlantic coast. After ...
  8. AD 1506–18
    Viruses move inland along with French traders
    The Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) and Huron begin exchanging goods with French traders pushing inland from ...
  9. AD 1512
    Spanish conquistador kidnaps Calusas in Florida
    Near present-day Daytona Beach, the Calusas encounter the Spanish explorer Ponce de Léon, who names ...
  10. AD 1513
    El Requierimento: Spain demands subservience
    The “Laws of Burgos” are the first legal code regarding Spanish actions in the Americas. They direct ...
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