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  1. 1831
    Supreme Court rules Indian nations not subject to state law
    The second of three court cases (the “Marshall Trilogy”) that become the foundation of American Indian ...
  2. 1832
    U.S. vaccinates Native peoples on the frontier against smallpox
    Congress passes the Indian Vaccination Act and appropriates $12,000 to hire physicians to vaccinate Native ...
  3. 1833
    Whooping cough crosses the Great Plains
    Whooping cough spreads across the U.S., killing babies and children, for whom the infection is particularly ...
  4. 1834
    Priest gains Tlingit support by offering vaccinations
    The Russian Orthodox priest, Father Veniaminov, moves from the Aleutians to Sitka. He is at first unpopular ...
  5. 1835
    Russian-American Company orders Native vaccinations
    To protect Russians from smallpox transmission from Native peoples, the Russian-American Company, which ...
  6. 1842–50s
    Russian-American Company compels medical treatment of Native women
    Russian traders have forced Alaska women into prostitution for decades. When syphilis spreads in New ...
  7. 1846
    U.S and Britain set 49th Parallel as U.S.–Canada border
    The U.S. negotiates with Britain to end a Canadian border dispute. Tribes are not consulted as the 49th ...
  8. 1847
    Wagon trains carry measles; Cayuse blame missionary for withholding care
    Wagon trains bring measles over the Oregon Trail to Waiilatpu, near what is now known as Walla Walla, ...
  9. 1848
    Successive epidemics spread across U.S., Alaska, Hawai‘i
    In September, a series of deadly epidemics, including measles, whooping cough, and influenza, sweeps ...
  10. 1849
    Indian Affairs moves to Interior Department; U.S. approach to tribes shifts
    Signaling a change in approach toward Native peoples, the federal government moves the Office of Indian ...
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