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  1. 1848
    Successive epidemics spread across U.S., Alaska, Hawai‘i
    In September, a series of deadly epidemics, including measles, whooping cough, and influenza, sweeps ...
  2. 1867
    Alaska becomes U.S. Territory; Alaska Natives not consulted
    The United States purchases Alaska from Russia on October 18. Alaska Natives, who lay claim to almost ...
  3. 1868
    U.S. treaty count with American Indian tribes reaches 367
    Between 1778 and 1868, the U.S. Senate ratifies 367 treaties with tribes; others are drafted but not ...
  4. 1872
    General Mining Act gives rise to the taking of tribal lands
    President Ulysses S. Grant signs the General Mining Act into law, allowing individuals and corporations ...
  5. 1884
    After Navy abuses, the U.S. establishes a government in Alaska
    After the U.S. Navy, occupying the territory of Alaska, shells, loots, and burns three unarmed Tlingit ...
  6. 1885
    Alaska regions assigned to religious denominations
    Dr. Sheldon Jackson, the head of the Presbyterian Mission in Alaska, is appointed U.S. General Agent ...
  7. 1887
    Indian Affairs Commissioner bans Native languages in schools
    Commissioner of Indian Affairs J. D. C. Atkins first bans instruction in Native languages as well as ...
  8. 1887
    Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death in Indian Country
    A U.S. study of tuberculosis deaths among Indians on reservations in 13 states finds that the rate of ...
  9. 1890
    Native population plunges
    In the U.S., Native population falls to an all-time low. The 1890 census records 237,196 Native people— ...
  10. 1897
    Indian boarding schools teach manual labor
    Commissioner of Indian Affairs William A. Jones questions the potential of Indian students to compete ...
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