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  1. AD 1493
    Spanish settlers enslave the Taíno of Hispaniola
    Spain founds Santo Domingo, the first of many towns on the Caribbean island Hispaniola (now the location ...
  2. AD 1493
    The Pope asserts rights to colonize, convert, and enslave
    Pope Alexander VI issues a papal bull or decree, “Inter Caetera," in which he authorizes Spain and Portugal ...
  3. AD 1501
    Portuguese explorer kidnaps northeastern Native peoples
    Portuguese explorer Gaspar Corte-Real abducts two shiploads of Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) and other peoples ...
  4. AD 1512
    Spanish conquistador kidnaps Calusas in Florida
    Near present-day Daytona Beach, the Calusas encounter the Spanish explorer Ponce de Léon, who names ...
  5. AD 1513
    El Requierimento: Spain demands subservience
    The “Laws of Burgos” are the first legal code regarding Spanish actions in the Americas. They direct ...
  6. AD 1521
    Calusas attack and kill Ponce de León
    On an earlier visit to what is now known as Florida, the Spanish explorer Ponce de León abducted many ...
  7. AD 1537
    Pope Paul III opposes enslaving Native peoples
    Pope Paul III issues a decree, “Sublimus Deus,” opposing the enslavement of indigenous peoples and calling ...
  8. AD 1539
    Spain wages war against southeastern Native peoples
    A Spanish military expedition begins four years of marauding large Native settlements, ranging across ...
  9. AD 1566
    The Calusa battle Spain over conversion
    The Calusa Indians, who live in southwest Florida, are weakened by epidemics. They are attacked by Spain, ...
  10. AD 1622
    Powhatan Chiefdom resists English settlement in Virginia
    At the death of Chief Powhatan in 1618, his brother takes his place as the leader of the Powhatan Chiefdom ...
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