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  1. Antiquity
    Origins
    Today, all tribes tell stories of their origins. There are as many creation stories as there are tribes, ...
  2. 40,000–10,000 BC
    Homelands
    Contemporary Native peoples from many nations teach that they originated in their traditional lands. ...
  3. 13,000–10,000 BC
    Asiatic peoples reach Alaska
    Anthropologists currently believe that Asiatic peoples migrated across Ice Age land bridges from eastern ...
  4. 10,000–8000 BC
    Early North American lifestyles
    Ancestors of American Indians hunt large mammals, catch fish, and gather fruits and nuts. Archaeological ...
  5. 9000 BC
    At Celilo, trade thrives as the salmon run
    Celilo, a village on what is now called the Columbia River, bustles during salmon runs. Each year, salmon ...
  6. 8000 BC
    Glaciers retreat; climate changes; diets shift
    At the end of the Ice Age, many large mammals become extinct. Across the Americas, people shift away ...
  7. 8000 BC
    Northwest hunters feed villages with mastodon meat
    On the Olympic Peninsula in what is now Washington State, archaeological records and carbon dating reveal ...
  8. 200 BC
    Arctic hunters make ingenious boats and gear
    Native peoples master hunting sea mammals in difficult Arctic waters by developing sophisticated boats ...
  9. 1846
    U.S and Britain set 49th Parallel as U.S.–Canada border
    The U.S. negotiates with Britain to end a Canadian border dispute. Tribes are not consulted as the 49th ...
  10. 1851
    Congress creates reservations to manage Native peoples
    The U.S. Congress passes the Indian Appropriations Act, creating the reservation system. The government ...
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