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  1. 1799
    Haudenosaunee prophet calls for peace
    The Seneca prophet Handsome Lake (b. ca. 1733–d. 1815) has his first religious revelation. He preaches ...
  2. 1819
    Congress pays missionaries to ‘civilize’ American Indians
    Congress appropriates $10,000 to pay what it calls people of “good moral character” to help the U.S. eliminate ...
  3. 1851
    Congress creates reservations to manage Native peoples
    The U.S. Congress passes the Indian Appropriations Act, creating the reservation system. The government ...
  4. 1865
    Civil War general Stand Watie, Cherokee, surrenders last
    The Cherokee chief Stand Watie is the last Confederate general to surrender in the Civil War. Watie’ ...
  5. 1870
    U.S. requires Alaska Commercial Company to hire Unangan (Aleut)
    The U.S. government awards the Alaska Commercial Company an exclusive lease to hunt fur seals on the ...
  6. 1879
    First off-reservation boarding school for Native children opens
    Congress authorizes the establishment of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania. The ...
  7. 1885
    Alaska regions assigned to religious denominations
    Dr. Sheldon Jackson, the head of the Presbyterian Mission in Alaska, is appointed U.S. General Agent ...
  8. 1886
    Apache armed resistance ends; Geronimo surrenders
    Goyathlay, a powerful Apache leader, also known as Geronimo, hands his rifle to a U.S. general in surrender. ...
  9. 1887
    Indian Affairs Commissioner bans Native languages in schools
    Commissioner of Indian Affairs J. D. C. Atkins first bans instruction in Native languages as well as ...
  10. 1887
    U.S. subdivides reservation land; sells off surplus
    Congress passes the General Allotment Act, better known as the Dawes Severalty Act, which divides reservations ...
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