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1824 U.S. establishes Office of Indian Affairs in War Department Establishment of the Office of Indian Affairs within the War Department puts in place the bureaucracy ... |
1823 Supreme Court rules American Indians do not own land The first of three court cases (the “Marshall Trilogy”) that become the foundation of American Indian ... |
1819 Congress pays missionaries to ‘civilize’ American Indians Congress appropriates $10,000 to pay what it calls people of “good moral character” to help the U.S. eliminate ... |
1817 U.S. frontier advances, pushing Native peoples westward All along its western border, the U.S. presses for more land to accommodate the expanding nation. To ... |
1813 Tecumseh’s vision of unity dies; U.S. invades northwest tribal lands While the British colonel Henry Proctor and his troops, including some American Indians, retreat into ... |
1812 War of 1812 breaks Tecumseh’s resistance Tecumseh and his followers ally with the British as the War of 1812 (1812–15) begins. Tecumseh negotiates ... |
1812 Cherokee and Choctow hope for long-term U.S. alliance As the U.S. and Britain fight the War of 1812 on fronts from Mexico to Canada, tribes seek strategic ... |
1811 Tecumseh’s War begins at Tippecanoe in Indiana As tensions rise in Indian Territory, which now includes Indiana and Ohio, the U.S. decides to launch ... |
1809 Treaty of Fort Wayne takes 3 million acres from Native peoples William Henry Harrison, the governor of the Indiana Territory and superintendent of Indian affairs, ... |
1805 Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh call for unity among tribes With the Shawnee under siege, fragmented, and dispersed, Lalawithika has a spiritual revelation that ... |