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  1. 1824
    U.S. establishes Office of Indian Affairs in War Department
    Establishment of the Office of Indian Affairs within the War Department puts in place the bureaucracy ...
  2. 1823
    Supreme Court rules American Indians do not own land
    The first of three court cases (the “Marshall Trilogy”) that become the foundation of American Indian ...
  3. 1821
    Sequoyah’s syllabary makes written Cherokee possible
    Sequoyah, a Cherokee silversmith in northeast Alabama, often works for white settlers and is impressed ...
  4. 1819
    Congress pays missionaries to ‘civilize’ American Indians
    Congress appropriates $10,000 to pay what it calls people of “good moral character” to help the U.S. eliminate ...
  5. 1817
    U.S. frontier advances, pushing Native peoples westward
    All along its western border, the U.S. presses for more land to accommodate the expanding nation. To ...
  6. 1814
    Andrew Jackson promises friendship to Choctaw, Cherokee
    Choctaw and Cherokee Indians fight for General Andrew Jackson to defeat the Creek Indians in the Battle ...
  7. 1813
    U.S. expansion divides tribes, leads to Creek Civil War
    Florida Governor Andrew Jackson, with the Cherokee and Choctaw, retaliates against the Muscogee Creek ...
  8. 1812
    Cherokee and Choctow hope for long-term U.S. alliance
    As the U.S. and Britain fight the War of 1812 on fronts from Mexico to Canada, tribes seek strategic ...
  9. 1808
    Tecumseh’s leadership grows
    The 1795 Treaty of Greenville pushed Tecumseh’s tribe, the Shawnee, out of their traditional lands in ...
  10. 1805
    Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh call for unity among tribes
    With the Shawnee under siege, fragmented, and dispersed, Lalawithika has a spiritual revelation that ...
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