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AD 1493 The Pope asserts rights to colonize, convert, and enslave Pope Alexander VI issues a papal bull or decree, “Inter Caetera," in which he authorizes Spain and Portugal ... |
AD 1501 Portuguese explorer kidnaps northeastern Native peoples Portuguese explorer Gaspar Corte-Real abducts two shiploads of Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) and other peoples ... |
AD 1513 El Requierimento: Spain demands subservience The “Laws of Burgos” are the first legal code regarding Spanish actions in the Americas. They direct ... |
AD 1537 Pope Paul III opposes enslaving Native peoples Pope Paul III issues a decree, “Sublimus Deus,” opposing the enslavement of indigenous peoples and calling ... |
AD 1540 The Zuni resist a conquistador but retreat from Spanish guns The Spanish conquistador Francisco Vasquez de Coronado seeks the “Seven Cities of Gold.” At Hawikuh, ... |
AD 1598 Spain enslaves Acoma women; mutilates Acoma men Spain punishes the the Pueblo of Acoma for resisting Spanish demands for food. Colonial governor Juan ... |
AD 1661 Spain raids kivas; outlaws the pueblos’ beliefs The Spanish colonial governor of New Mexico and Catholic priests suppress the belief systems of the ... |
AD 1680 The pueblos revolt in New Mexico Pueblo people revolt against their Spanish oppressors. The pueblos, led by the religious leader Popé ... |