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  1. 1783
    The Peace of Paris ignores Native peoples’ rights
    The Peace of Paris, the set of treaties (Treaty of Paris and the Treaties of Versailles, 1783) that end ...
  2. 1789
    The Northwest Ordinance guarantees tribal land rights
    Congress ratifies the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, creating the first organized territory of the United ...
  3. 1790s
    Indian nations unite to fight American expansion
    The United Indian Nations of the Old Northwest fight the establishment of military forts and settlements ...
  4. 1794
    Battle of Fallen Timbers opens Northwest Territory to settlement
    President George Washington assigns General “Mad” Anthony Wayne to build several forts between the Ohio ...
  5. 1805
    Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh call for unity among tribes
    With the Shawnee under siege, fragmented, and dispersed, Lalawithika has a spiritual revelation that ...
  6. 1811
    Tecumseh’s War begins at Tippecanoe in Indiana
    As tensions rise in Indian Territory, which now includes Indiana and Ohio, the U.S. decides to launch ...
  7. 1812
    War of 1812 breaks Tecumseh’s resistance
    Tecumseh and his followers ally with the British as the War of 1812 (1812–15) begins. Tecumseh negotiates ...
  8. 1812
    Cherokee and Choctow hope for long-term U.S. alliance
    As the U.S. and Britain fight the War of 1812 on fronts from Mexico to Canada, tribes seek strategic ...
  9. 1813
    Tecumseh’s vision of unity dies; U.S. invades northwest tribal lands
    While the British colonel Henry Proctor and his troops, including some American Indians, retreat into ...
  10. 1817
    U.S. frontier advances, pushing Native peoples westward
    All along its western border, the U.S. presses for more land to accommodate the expanding nation. To ...