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  1. 1912
    Volcano erupts; destroys Alaska Native village
    At the head of the Alaska Peninsula in southwestern Alaska, the volcano Novarupta erupts, destroying ...
  2. 1906
    Allotments take land from Alaska Native villages
    In the Alaska Native Allotment Act, the U.S. Congress establishes strict regulations about which Alaska ...
  3. 1900
    Native Hawaiians oppose U.S. annexation
    Nearly half the Native Hawaiians sign a petition to Congress opposing annexation. Liliu‘okalani, the ...
  4. 1899
    Henry Crow Dog II is born
    Henry Crow Dog II will become a traditional medicine man of the Lakota. Despite the individual land- ...
  5. 1898
    Canneries deplete salmon catch for Alaska Natives
    Along Alaska’s coastline, 55 canneries are in operation. Most refuse to employ Alaska Natives, instead ...
  6. 1898
    U.S. annexes Hawai‘i; seizes land; suppresses healers
    The U.S. annexes Hawai‘i and seizes royal and government lands. Launching aggressive assimilation policies, ...
  7. 1896
    Tagish family finds gold in the Klondike
    Miners descend on the Klondike after a Tagish man known as Skookum Jim Mason and his relatives find ...
  8. 1893
    Businessmen call on U.S. military to invade Hawai‘i
    Members of the Annexation Club accuse Queen Liliu‘okalani of being a “revolutionary” against Hawai‘i. ...
  9. 1891
    Hawai‘i’s last monarch is crowned
    King Kalakaua dies. Princess Liliu‘okalani, the last of nine heirs to the throne, succeeds him. She ...
  10. 1890
    Native population plunges
    In the U.S., Native population falls to an all-time low. The 1890 census records 237,196 Native people— ...
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