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  1. 1775
    Smallpox strikes again in North America
    As the American Revolution begins, epidemic smallpox spreads across North America, killing hundreds ...
  2. 1761
    First known influenza pandemic from the Americas begins
    Influenza is one of the diseases that Europeans brought to the New World. Unlike previous influenza ...
  3. AD 1680
    The pueblos revolt in New Mexico
    Pueblo people revolt against their Spanish oppressors. The pueblos, led by the religious leader Popé ...
  4. AD 1661
    Spain raids kivas; outlaws the pueblos’ beliefs
    The Spanish colonial governor of New Mexico and Catholic priests suppress the belief systems of the ...
  5. AD 1590
    Spain attacks pueblos; establishes colony at Ohkay Owingeh
    Spanish forces under colonial governor Juan de Oñate march north from Mexico through the Rio Grande ...
  6. AD 1598
    Spain enslaves Acoma women; mutilates Acoma men
    Spain punishes the the Pueblo of Acoma for resisting Spanish demands for food. Colonial governor Juan ...
  7. AD 1540
    The Zuni resist a conquistador but retreat from Spanish guns
    The Spanish conquistador Francisco Vasquez de Coronado seeks the “Seven Cities of Gold.” At Hawikuh, ...
  8. AD 1537
    Pope Paul III opposes enslaving Native peoples
    Pope Paul III issues a decree, “Sublimus Deus,” opposing the enslavement of indigenous peoples and calling ...
  9. AD 1531–33
    Mesoamericans succumb to deadly measles epidemic
    Maya, Toltec, Quechua, and many other peoples in Mesoamerica die in great numbers from measles wherever ...
  10. AD 1520–62
    ‘Virgin-soil’ epidemics devastate Native populations
    “Virgin-soil” epidemics sweep through populations with no prior exposure to a particular infectious ...
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